Despite renewed policy focus on food security, access to affordable fertiliser remains one of the most significant constraints facing African farmers. High global input prices, currency pressures, and distribution inefficiencies continue to limit uptake, particularly among smallholders.

Several African governments have expanded fertiliser subsidy programmes in recent seasons, with mixed results. While subsidies have boosted yields in some regions, challenges around late delivery, leakages, and uneven dealer networks persist.

Private-sector players are increasingly exploring blended solutions, including smaller pack sizes, digital voucher systems, and soil-specific fertiliser blends. There is also growing interest in organic and bio-based alternatives as a way to reduce dependence on imported inputs.

Analysts note that long-term solutions will require domestic fertiliser production, improved soil testing, and better alignment between input supply and extension advice. Without these reforms, fertiliser constraints will continue to cap Africa’s agricultural potential.