A deep understanding of insect physiology and ecology could shape the future of sustainable farming across Africa. This concept was the foundation of a recent inaugural lecture by Professor Christopher Weldon, an entomologist from the University of Pretoria’s Department of Zoology and Entomology.

In his talk, “Using Insect Behaviour and Temperature Responses for Precision Pest Management and African Food Security,” Prof. Weldon emphasized how insights into the biology of small pests could help address Africa’s major agricultural challenges.

“With Africa’s population projected to reach 3.8 billion by the end of the century, the demand for nutritious food will continue to rise,” he noted. “However, meeting this need doesn’t have to come at the expense of ecosystems. By managing insect pests more precisely, we can protect food systems, biodiversity, and livelihoods simultaneously.”

Prof. Weldon’s research focuses on developing sustainable pest management strategies by examining insect behaviour, temperature sensitivity, water requirements, and nutrition. His team designs biologically based control systems, surveillance mechanisms, and forecasting models to mitigate damage caused by pests such as thrips, fruit flies, and citrus psyllids.

For instance, the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata)—one of the world’s most destructive agricultural pests—infests fruit from within using gut microbiota, rendering it unmarketable before harvest. Under optimal conditions, these pests can produce up to 12 generations annually, spreading rapidly.

“To manage pests effectively, we must first understand their biology—everything from mating behaviour and thermal tolerance to their responses to lures and environmental cues,” Prof. Weldon explained.

Temperature plays a crucial role in every aspect of insect life, influencing metabolism, reproduction, and flight patterns. His team’s research reveals that insect populations behave differently depending on their environment, requiring tailored solutions. By leveraging machine learning and spatial mapping, his lab can now pinpoint pest hotspots and vulnerable periods, helping to reduce pesticide use and its environmental impact.

Beyond his laboratory contributions, Prof. Weldon has an impressive academic record, with over 80 peer-reviewed journal publications and an H-index of 24. He has mentored 18 master’s students (six with distinction) and seven PhD candidates, guiding them in his areas of expertise while supporting diverse research interests. He attributes much of his success to the collaborative efforts of students, colleagues, and the farming communities that provide land for research trials.

The lecture concluded with reflections on the future of pest control, including advancing the sterile insect technique and investigating the effects of climate change on pest physiology and food production systems.

“We’re only beginning to uncover these insights,” Prof. Weldon remarked. “But if we continue asking the right questions—and listening to the insects—we may discover smarter, more sustainable solutions.”